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[主观题]

The researchers didn't refer to the lists of invaders published by governmental agencies d

ue to ______ consideration.

A．financial

B．political

C．academic

D．economic

答案

C
解析：本题是推断题。由题干中的governmental agencies定位至第四段。第三句指出That is not as easy as it Sounds的原因：正如他们所说，“虽然政府部门公布了许多入侵物种名单，但是把指定物种归人此名单也许多少有些出于政治上的考虑。”之后，说明了最终他们是如何确定入侵物种的名单的：他们调查了外来物种领域一些有名望的研究人员…。可见，他们不选择政府部门公布的名单是出于学术研究的考虑，故[C]为答案。文中提到的political motivation是指政府部门公布名单时的考虑，不是这两个研究者们考虑的事情，排除[B]。[A]和[D]并未提及，排除。

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更多“The researchers didn't refer t…”相关的问题

第1题

根据以下内容回答题：Last December"s earthquakes in the Iranian city of Bam took a huge deat

h toll—roughly 40，000 people——largely because of the collapse of thousands of mud—brick buildings．If a group of researchers in India are successful，the next earthquake might not be as destructive．British and Indian engineers are developing earthquake—proof housing using a cheap，universal material：bamboo． Thev designed a model house built around waterproof bamboo-sheet roofing and bamboo-reinforced concrete walls．To test the structure，the engineers，sponsored by the U．K．Depart-ment of qnternational Development，took it to the Earthquake Engineering and Vibration Re-search Centre in Bangalore，which has a state．of-the-art earthquake simulator（模拟装置）．The researchers shook the house with five successive 30-second pulses，being equal to 7．8 on the Richter（里氏）scale．The simulation was more than 10 times as violent as the Bam earth-quake．yet the house emerged undamaged．“We didn’t even crack the paint，”says engineer Paul Follett．of Britain’s Timber Research and Development Association． By some estimates，more than a binion people already live in bamboo structures．The innovation lies in developing ways to exploit bamboo’S spring．Easily pre-built，fire resistant，and far lighter than steel，bamboo．based structures could be assembled in three weeks and last 50 vears．At five dollars a square foot，they would last roughly half as much as brick-and-block constructions．Follett says the project will follow an“open source”model：“Whatever is developed is freely available for the common good．”

Thousands of people died in the Bam earthquake mainly because__________ ．

A.the earthquake occurred in the cold December

B.many mud．brick houses collapsed

C.the earthquake reached 7．8 0n the Richter scale

D.bamboo houses hadn’t been built yet

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第2题

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.

Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

The method for making beer has changed over time. Hops (啤酒花), for example, which give many a modern beer its bitter flavor, are a- 26 recent addition to the beverage. This was mentioned in reference to brewing in the ninth century. Now, researchers have found a--- 27 ingredient in residue (残留物) from 5000-year-old beer brewing equipment. While excavating two pits at a site in the central plains of China, scientists discovered fragments from pots and ve__ . The different shapes of the containers 28they were used to brew, filter, and store beer. They --may be ancient “beer-making tools,” and the earliest 29evidence of beer brewing in China, the researchers reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. To 30that hypothesis, the team examined the yellowish, dried 31 inside the vessels. The majority of the grains, about 80%, were from cereal crops like barley (大麦), and about 10% were bits of roots, 32 lily, would have made the beer sweeter, the scientists say. Barley was an unexpected find: the crop was domesticated in Western Eurasia and didn’t become a 33food in central China until about 2000 years ago, according to the researchers. Based on that timing, they indicate barley may have 34in the region not as food, but as35material for beer brewing.

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第3题

Babies who are breast－fed may be more likely to be successful in life, a new study pub

Babies who are breast-fed may be more likely to be successful in life, a new study published Tuesday suggests. The study followed more than 3,000 babies into adulthood in Brazil. The researchers found those who were breast-fed scored slightly higher in intelligence tests in their 30s, stayed in school longer and earned more money than those who were given formula(配方奶粉).

“Breast-feeding not only has short-term benefits, but also breast-feeding has long-term benefits, ” says Bernardo Lessa Horta of the Federal University of Pelotas in Brazil, who led the study being published in The Lancet Global Health.

Doctors have long known that breast-feeding can be good for a baby's health. This is especially true in poor countries, where water can be contaminated. For instance, a baby given formula in developing countries is 14 times more likely to die in the first six months than one who's breast-fed. In the U.S., some research has suggested that breast-feeding may raise a baby's IQ(智商)by a few points. But a recent study with siblings(兄弟姐妹)found little advantage to breast-feeding.

Horta says these previous studies didn't follow children into adulthood to see if breast-feeding had long-term effects. So Horta analyzed data collected from 3,493 volunteers he and his colleagues have been following since birth. They are now in their 30s. First, the researchers gave the subjects IQ tests. Those who were breast-fed for 12 months or more had IQ test scores that were 3.76 points higher than those who were breast-fed for less than one month, the team found.

When Horta and his colleagues looked at how much education the subjects had gotten and how much money they were making, they also found a clear difference: Those who were breast-fed the longest stayed in school for about an extra year and had monthly salaries that were about a third higher.

1. From the passage, we learn that Horta {A; B; C}.

A. is from Brazil

B. conducts his research in the U.S.

C. has 30 researchers on his team

2. Which of the following about those who were breast-fed is NOT mentioned？{A; B; C}

A. They stayed longer in school

B. They were happier

C. They were smarter

3. Which of the following is TRUE？{A; B; C}

A. Doctors don't understand the benefits of breast-feeding.

B. Horta is concerned with water contamination in poor countries.

C. Horta's research project lasted about 30 years

4. The word contaminated in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to {A; B; C}.

A. finished

B. interested

C. polluted

5. Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage？{A; B; C}

A. Researchers Have Pointed Out the Disadvantages of Breast-feeding

B. Researchers Have Found Out the Shortcomings of Formula

C. Breast-feeding Improves Chances of Success

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第4题

Questions are based on the following passage． Being in a classroom full of "the best and

Questions are based on the following passage．

Being in a classroom full of "the best and brightest" students may not help fringeones， according to new research that （1）popular theory. The study shows that studentsin a middle school gifted and（2 ）program perform. no better on national tests than asimilar group of students who didn"t3for the program.

"This paper is part of a growing body of literature suggesting that just because youhave stronger（4 ）don"t necessarily mean you are going to perform. better，" says Scott，associate professor of economics and education at Michigan State University.

Gifted and talented programs have grown in（5）， with more than 3 millionstudents now enrolled nationwide.

Using a 6 of more than 14，000 fifth-graders in an urban school district，researchers analyzed students" standardized test scores in math， science， reading， socialstudies and language arts.

The study（7 ）a group of children who qualified for a gifted and talented programby （8）. meeting a certain threshold based on past academic performance. Their testscores were compared to the students who just missed meeting the threshold——in otherwords， students who were very similar （9）. The marginal students in the gifted andtalented program showed no improvement in test scores over the non-qualifying studentsin any of the five subjects.

The study also looked at gifted and talented students who were picked in a lottery fora "magnet" program， which emphasizes a more（10）and specialized curriculum.

The researchers compared test scores of the magnet students who won the lottery tothe gifted and talented students who lost the lottery and found no significant differencein four of the five subjects: math， reading， social studies and language arts. The magnetstudents did show improvement in science.

A．academically

B．barely

C．contradicts

D．intellectually

E．intensive

F．motivate

G．objective

H．peers

I．popularity

J．qualify

K．sample

L．socialization

M．specimens

N．talented

O．targeted

第1题应选（）查看材料

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第5题

Job or money？ Would you quit your job if you didn’t need the money？In a 1990 poll by t

Job or money？

Would you quit your job if you didn’t need the money？In a 1990 poll by the Gallop Organization，many people said quitting work was an imprtant reason to be rich．Yet researchers find that work is one of life’s chief satisfactions for people．

Consider W．Berry Fowler．In 1979，Fowler started a tutoring company that became so successful he was able to sell out and retire in 1978一a multimillionaire at 40． He bought a 50-foot cabin cruiser（可住宿的游艇）and a house in Hawaii，and busied himself vacationing．

But after five years of perpetual vacation，nower began to miss the challenges of work．So in 1992，he bought a fitness chain for children and now spends 75 hours a week immersed in balance sheets and staff meetings．“My best days on the golf course weren’t half as much fun as a good day at the office．”he says．

A job，studies show，is more than a paycheck．Doing something Well can increase confidence and self—worth．When sociologist H．Ray Kaplan surveyed 139 lottery（彩票）millionaires，he discovered 60 percent continued working at least a year after they’d won．

If jobs are so important，wouldn’t salary size be a gauge（标准尺）of job satisfaction？Americans think so．A survey conducted last year by Roper Starch Worldwide，Inc．，found that almost 70 percent of the respondents said they would be happier if their families had twice as much household income．Yet studies show that job satisfaction comes less from how much people earn than from the challenge of their jobs and the control they are able to exert．work that doesn’t engage a person will never seem rewarding，no matter how lucative（有理可图的）it becomes．

第 8 题 The Gallop poll shows many people want to be rich in order not to work．

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

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第6题

选词填空：The method for making beer has changed over time. Hops （啤酒花)，for example

选词填空：The method for making beer has changed over time. Hops (啤酒花)，for example, which many a modern beerits bitter flavor, are a 26 recent additions to the beverage. Thiswas mentioned in reference to brewing in the ninth century. Now, researchershave found a 27 ingredient in residue (残留物) from 5000-year-old beer brewingequipment. While excavating two pits at a site in thecentral plains of China, scientists discovered pottery fragments from pots,funnels, amphorae, and stoves (stove fragment pictured). The different shapesof the containers 28 theywere used to brew, filter, and store beer—they may be ancient “beer-making tools,” and the earliest 29 evidence of beer brewing in China, the researchers report online today in theProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.To30 thathypothesis, the team examined the yellowish, dried 31 insidethe vessels. The majority of the grains—about 80%—were from cereal cropslike barley (大麦), andabout 10% were bits of roots, 32 lily,which would have sweetened the brew, the scientists say. Barley was anunexpected find: The crop was domesticated in western Eurasia and didn’t becomea 33 food incentral China until about 2000 years ago, according to the researchers. basedon that timing, they suggest barley may have 34 in theregion not as food, but as 35 material forbeerbrewing.

A) arrived

B) consuming

C) direct

D) exclusively

E) including

F) inform

G) raw

H) reached

I) relatively

J) remains

K) resources

L) staple

M) suggest

N) surprising

O) test

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第7题

For decades many U. S. veterans who took part in atmospheric nuclear tests have wondered whether their exposure to radiation might ultimately cost them their lives. Their private fears became a public issue in 1976 after a veteran claimed his leukemia was caused by radiation from a 1957 test series.

The atomic veterans and their families, as well as researchers and policy-makers, continue to struggle for definitive answers. These have been elusive, at least in part, because a crucial piece of information has been difficult to get-the radiation dose that each individual received.

In the largest study to date, researchers from the Institute of Medicine (IOM) have come up with some partial answers. But they too were limited in their ability to draw conclusions by the lack of usable information on radiation exposure.

The new study focused on participants in five series of nuclear tests, all of which took place either in the Nevada desert or the South Pacific. Nearly 70, 000 soldiers, sailors, airmen, and marines were involved in at least one of these, and about 30 percent of them have now died. For comparison, researchers selected a group of 65, 000 military people serving at the same time under similar conditions, except that they did not take part in nuclear tests.

After an intensive review of service and death records, researchers found no difference between the two groups in overall death rates or in total deaths from cancer. Had there been a dramatic radiation effect, it would have shown up in this comparison.

The researchers also analyzed specific causes of death, including diseases linked in other studies to radiation. Here there were some differences. Among the nuclear test veterans, 14 percent more died from leukemia than those in the comparison group, although the difference lacked statistical significance and could have resulted from chance.

When comparisons were made based on whether the veterans participated in nuclear tests in Nevada or in the Pacific Ocean, the differences were sharper: a 50 percent higher leukemia death rate among Nevada atomic veterans than among the comparison group. This was not true among Pacific test participants, who actually had a slightly lower, though not statistically significant leukemia death rate than those in their comparison group.

81.The passage tells us that researchers wish that they could find out______.

A.when and where the veterans received the nuclear radiation

B.why the amount of radiation cannot be accurately measured

C.who was responsible for the veterans' deaths

D.how much radiation each veteran got during the nuclear tests

82.The latest study includes a comparison made between______.

A.healthy veterans and unhealthy veterans

B.nuclear test participants and those with no radiation exposure

C.the veterans who are still alive and those who have died

D.people who died of cancer and people who took part in atomic tests

83.What can we learn about the result of the latest study?

A.There was a significant difference in total deaths from cancer between the two groups.

B.There was no significant difference in death rates between the two groups.

C.The comparison group has a lower death rate.

D.More veterans died from leukemia than from other cancers.

84.One comparison mentioned in the last paragraph was made between______.

A.Pacific test participants and those who undertook the Nevada test

B.Nevada atomic veterans and those who didn't take part in any nuclear tests

C.Veterans in Nevada and Pacific atomic tests and the comparison group

D.half of Nevada test participants and half of the group of no test participants

85.How different is the group of Nevada test participants from their South Pacific counterparts?

A.The former shows a higher leukemia death rate than the comparison group.

B.The former shows a lower leukemia death rate than the comparison group.

C.The former shows a higher death rate than the latter.

D.The former shows a lower death rate than the latter.

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第8题

For many years, humans have tried to find the secret to staying young. Although it has yet to be discovered, we may be closer than ever to finding a way that can slow down the aging process. A recent study by researchers from Duke L Jniversity in the US found that cutting one sdaily intake of calories could slow down biological aging, which means you might be able to hang on to your youthful looks a little longer. Previous research has shown that calorie restrictions slow aging in worms, flies and mice. So researchers wondered if it could have the same effect on people.To find out, Daniel Belsky and her teamTo find out, Daniel Belsky and her team examined data from a study by the National Institute on Aging, based in the US, which involved 220 people. During the two-year study, 145 people in the restriction group cut their calorie intake by 25 percent. Meanwhile, 75 peoplein the control group maintained their normal diets.At the start of the study, the two groups had no difference inbiological age.The average participant was 38 years old, with a biological age of 37. However, after each 12- month period, participants in the restriction group saw an increase in biological age by an average of 0.1 1years. Meanwhile, those in the control group saw a rise by an average of 0.71 years. The researchers believe the difference between these groups shows that cutting calories does slow biological aging. Although they didn't explain the reason behind this, researchers at Brigham Young University in the US provided an explanation after they carried out a similar study on mice. Theybelieve fewer Calories slow down a mechanism in cells called the ribosome (核糖体)，at least in mice. The mechanism is responsible for making vital proteins in cells,but with fewer calories it slows down, giving it more time to repair itself, The ribosome is complex like a car, and itneeds to replace the parts that wearout the fastest from time to time, according to John Price, a biochemistry professor at Brigham Young University.“When tires wear out, you don't throw the whole car away and buy new ones. It's easier to replace the tires," Price told VOA. But this doesn't mean that people who want to look younger should start skipping meals, especially given the study's early stage. Proper nutrition is important, Price explained. “Food isn't just material to be burned -it's a signal that tells our body and cells how to respond,"he told Science Daily.

The purpose of the research was ().

A.test the influence of calorie restrictions on aging.

B.explain why people have to maintain a normal diet.

C.find the most efficient way to control calorie intake.

D.invent technology that keeps people young and healthy.

Which of the following statements is TRUE about the experiment ()?

A.The biological age of people in the control group increased more than those in the restriction group.

B.Some participants were asked to double the amount of food they ate.

C.Flies and mice were used to compare the results of the human test with.

D.AlI the participants were of the same biological age at the start.

According to John Price, ().

A.a higher level of calorie intake meansmore healthy proteins.

B.reducing calorie intake could allow the ribosome to repair itself better.

C.the fewer calories one takes in, the better the ribosome works.

D.the ribosome is an important cell that controls the aging process.

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第9题

No one likes bad news, but for some people, no news is worse. People who are mildly neurot

ic are stressed by uncertainty even more than by bad news, a new study finds. Psychologists have long known that bad news grabs attention, making its recipients take notice, while good news often is given short effect in the brain. Scientists have explained the phenomenon as a survival mechanism of the brain.

But researchers at the University of Toronto wanted to learn more about how people respond to uncertainty--a lack of information or information that isn't well understood. Forty-one young men and women took a test designed to assess how neurotic they were, then were fitted with electrode(电极 ) caps that measured brain activity as they completed certain tasks. As a way of monitoring stress, the investigators tracked neural activity in the anterior cingulate cortex(前扣带皮层), a part of the brain involved in conflict, uncertainty and monitoring errors.

The participants later were asked to respond when they thought a second had passed since a symbol had appeared on a computer monitor. After responding, they received feedback on the monitor in the form. of a plus sign indicating a job well done, a minus sign indicating improvement was needed, or a question mark with no further explanation. The subjects who had scored higher on the neuroticism scale demonstrated more brain activity in response to uncertain feedback than to negative feedback, the researchers found.

In the real world, such a heightened response might occur when an employee is up for a promotion but does not know the outcome, and a highly neurotic individual would respond less intensely to losing the promotion said Jacob Hirsh, a lead author of the paper. The opposite is true for people who are not neurotic, Hirsh added. They are not bothered by uncertainty but are very upset by negative feedback.

Richard Sorrentino, a psychologist at the University of Western Ontario who also studies uncertainty, said he had conducted a similar study looking at married women who were ambivalent(有矛盾情绪的)toward their partners and not sure whether they could be trusted. "If they were the type who preferred certainty, they were better off if they didn't trust their husbands at all than if they were uncertain about whether to trust him," he said. Wives who preferred certainty but who were uncertain about their husbands often suffered severe symptoms, he added, including depression.

As to the survival mechanism of the brain, ______.

A．bad news affects people the most

B．no news makes people feel much well

C．good news often leaves a short memory in brain

D．goods news holds more attention from people

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第10题

More than half of all Jews married in U.S. since 1990 have wed people who aren't Jewish. N

early 480,000 American children trader the age of ten have one Jewish and one non-Jewish parent. And, if a survey compiled by researchers at the University of California at Los Angeles is any indication, it's almost certain that most of these children will not identify themselves as "Jewish" when they get older.

That survey asked college freshmen, who are usually around age 18, about their own and their parents' religious identifies. Ninety-three percent of those with two Jewish parents said they thought of themselves as Jewish. But when the father wasn't Jewish, the number dropped to 38 percent, and when the mother wasn't Jew, just 15 percent of the students said they were Jewish, too.

"I think what was surprising was just how low the Jewish identification was in these mixed marriage families." Linda Sax is a professor of education at UCLA. She directed the survey which was conducted over the course of more, than a decade and wasn't actually about religious identity specifically. But Professor Sax says the answers to questions about religion were particularly striking, and deserve a more detailed study. She says it's obvious that interfaith marriage works against the development of Jewish identity among children, but says it's not clear at this point why that's the case. "This new study is necessary to get more in-depth about their feelings about their religion. That's something that the study that I completed was not able to do. We didn't have information on how they feel about their religion, whether they have any concern about their issues of identification, how comfortable they feel about their lifelong goals. I think the new study's going to cover some of that," she says.

Jay Rubin is executive director of Hillel, a national organization that works with Jewish college students. Mr. Rubin says Judaism is more than a religion, it's an experience. And with that in mind, Hillel has commissioned a study of Jewish attitudes towards Judaism. Researchers will concentrate primarily on young adults, and those with two Jewish parents, and those with just one, those who see themselves as Jewish and those who do not. Jay Rubin says Hillel will then use this study to formulate a strategy for making Judaism more relevant to the next generation of American Jews.

The best title of this passage is ______.

A．Jewish and Non-Jewish in American

B．Jewish Identity in America

C．Judaism-a Religion？

D．College Jewish Students

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