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Did you know that London is one of the most multicultural cities in the world？ Here, there are about 300 different cultures living side by side. Forget tea and sandwiches, now it is more common for a Londoner to drink cappuccino for breakfast, and eat Thai food for lunch in the local pub. Let’s see how life has changed in Britain’s capital.
A India
Most people from India arrived in London in the 1950s and 60s. Now there is a strong Asian presence here – in the shops, markets and, of course, the restaurants. In fact, curry is Britain’s favorite takeaway meal. A typical family has a curry every two weeks, either delivered or bought ready-made from the supermarket. Indian people live all over London. Southall, in the far west of the city, is one of many places well known for its Indian culture.
B Poland
This community represents more than 1% of the UK’s total population and is growing rapidly. In London, many Polish people live in the Hammersmith area, in the west of the city. Here, there are several Catholic churches, and delicatessens which sell the country’s specialities such as beetroot soup (barszcz) or Polish cakes and snacks. Were they right to come？ Young Poles say they can easily earn three times as much money here as at home, where unemployment remains high.
C West Africa
West Africans – mainly from Ghana and Nigeria – have brought a wealth of languages, music and culture to the British capital. Many London markets sell their traditional foods like yams and different types of rice. A lot of Nigerians live in the south-east London area, in suburbs like Deptford.
1、When did most people from India arrive in London？
A、The 1950s and 60s.
B、The 1950s.
C、The 1960s.
2、How often does a typical family have a curry？
A、Two times.
B、Every two weeks.
C、Two weeks.
3、Where do many Polish people live？
A、The east of the city.
B、Catholic churches.
C、The Hammersmith area.
4、Why do Polish people come to London？
A、They can earn three times as much money in the UK.
B、Unemployment remains high in the UK.
C、They are growing rapidly.
5、What kind of traditional West Africa foods do markets sell？
A、Ghana and Nigeria.
B、Languages，music and culture.
C、Yams and different types of rice.
Another serious issue is how to provide good transport to their citizens. Many world' s major cities are already struggling with out-of-date transport infrastructures. How can they deal with the additional demands in the 21stcentury？
London is a good example. It was the world' s first big city--the first with a population of a mil lion people. Its enlargement was made possible by the invention of the steam engine, which powered the world's first underground railway. But its transport systems are now hopelessly out-of-date, and need urgent modernization. London' s future success depends very much on transport.
Over a million people travel into central London every day from outside the city. They, and the people who live in London, want a public transport system that is fragment, safe and environmentally friendly. What they often get, however, falls far short of that ideal. Commuters complain about disorder, cost and pollution, while businesses worry about the problems their staff have in getting to work on time. Yet, the proportion of London households that own a car grew from just over 10 per cent in the early 1950s to over 60 percent today.
As the city has become increasingly crowded and polluted, there has been a growing realization that action is needed.
It is believed that ______.
A．overpopulation causes the problems in cities
B．two-thirds of the world' s population are living in cities today
C．it isn' t difficult to solve the problems faced by cities today
D．with fewer people, we would be free from any problems
The Eurostar train service linking the UK and French capitals via the Channel Tunnel is winning customers in increasing numbers. In late May, it carried its one millionth passengers, having run only a limited service between London, Paris and Brussels since November 1994, starting with two trains a day in each direction to Paris and Brussels. By 1997, the company believes that it will be carrying ten million passengers a year, and continue to grow from there.
From July, Eurostar steps its service to nine trains each way between London and Paris, and five between London and Brussels. Each train carries almost 800 passengers, 210 of them in first class.
The airlines estimate that they will initially lose around 15%- 20% of their London-Paris traffic to the railways once Eurostar starts a full service later this year (1995), with 15 trains a day each way. A similar service will start to Brussels. The damage will be limited, however, the airlines believe, with passenger numbers returning to previous levels within two to three years.
In the short term, the damage caused by the 1 million people-levels traveling between London and Paris and Brussels on Eurostar trains means that some air services are already suffering. Some of the major carriers say that their passenger numbers are down by less than 5% and point to their rivals--Particularly Air France--as having suffered the problems. On the Brussels route, the railway company had less success, and the airlines report anything from around a 5% drop to no visible decline in traffic.
The airlines' optimism on returning traffic levels is based on historical precedent. British Midland, for example, points to its experience on Heathrow Leeds Bradford service which saw passenger numbers decrease by 15% when British Rail electrified and modernized the railway line between London and Yorkshire. Two years later, travel had risen between the two destinations to the point where the airline was carrying record numbers of passengers.
British airlines confide in the fact that ______.
A．they are more powerful than other European airlines
B．their total loss won't go beyond a drop of 5~ passengers
C．their traffic levels will return in 2-3 years
D．traveling by rail can never catch up with traveling by air
The thing that is surprising about Tower Bridge is that it is open in the middle. It does this to let the big ships through to the Pool of London. If you are lucky enough to see the bridge with its two opening arms high in the air, you will never forget it.
On its north side stands the Tower of London itself. Although they look the same age, the Tower is almost a thousand years old, and Tower Bridge is only about one hundred, it was built in the 1890s. By1850, everyone agreed that a bridge across the Thames near the Tower was most necessary. But the designers argued about the new bridge for another thirtyyears. This took so long because they had two big problems.
l. Tower Bridge is().
A. about one thousand years old
B. the oldest and the most famous bridge in London
C. the first one you can see when you go from the sea to London
2. The Tower of London is().
A. across from the Thames
B. on the north of Tower Bridge
C. in the middle of Tower Bridge
3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage()？
A. You can see the bridge with its two opening arms high in the air at anytime.
B. By 1850 everybody thought it most necessary to have a bridge built across the Thames near the Tower.
C. It took the designers thirty years to argue about the bridge before it was built.
4. Why is the bridge open in the middle()？
A. To make it special.
B. To attract (吸引) more people from the world to see it.
C. To let the big ship through to the Pool of London.
5. How long was the Tower Bridge built()？
A. A thousand years.
B. A hundred years.
C. Five thousand years.
The thing that is surprising about Tower Bridge is that it is open in the middle. It does this to let the big ships through to the Pool of London. If you are lucky enough to see the bridge with its two opening arms high in the air, you will never forget it.
On its north side stands the Tower of London itself. Although they look the same age, the Tower is almost a thousand years old, and Tower Bridge is only about one hundred, it was built in the 1890s. By1850, everyone agreed that a bridge across the Thames near the Tower was most necessary. But the designers argued about the new bridge for another thirty years. This took so long because they had two big problems.
l. Tower Bridge is () .
A. about one thousand years old
B. the oldest and the most famous bridge in London
C. the first one you can see when you go from the sea to London
The Tower of London is () .
A. across from the Thames
B. on the north of Tower Bridge
C. in the middle of Tower Bridge
3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage()?
A. You can see the bridge with its two opening arms high in the air at anytime.
B. By 1850 everybody thought it most necessary to have a bridge built across the Thames near the Tower.
C. It took the designers thirty years to argue about the bridge before it was built.
4. Why is the bridge open in the middle()?
A. To make it special.
B. To attract (吸引) more people from the world to see it.
C. To let the big ship through to the Pool of London.
5. How long was the Tower Bridge built()?
A. A thousand years.
B. A hundred years.
C. Five thousand years.
听力原文： London taxi drivers know the capital like the back of their hands. No matter how small and indistinct the street is, the driver will be able to get you there without any trouble. The reason London taxi drivers are so efficient is that they have all gone through a very tough training period to get a special taxi driving license. During this period, which can take from two to four years, the would-be taxi driver has to learn the most direct route to every single road and to every important building in London.
To achieve this, most learners go around the city on small motorbikes, practicing how to move to and from different points of the city. Learner taxi drivers are tested several times during their training period by government officers. Their exams are a terrible experience. The officers ask you, “How do you get from Buckingham Palace to the Tower of London？” And you have to take them there in a direct line. When you get to the tower, they won’t say “Well done”; they will quickly move on to the next question. After five or six questions they will just say “see you in two months’ time” and then you know the exam is over. Learner drivers are not allowed to work and earn money as drivers. Therefore, many of them keep their previous jobs until they have obtained their license. The training can cost quite a lot because learners have to pay for their own expenses on the tests and a medical exam.
(30)
A．Because they have a driving license.
B．Because they have received special training.
C．Because the traffic conditions in London are good.
D．Because the traffic system of the city is not very complex.
【C1】
A．widest
B．highest
C．newest
D．most famous
In 1997, the High Court in London found that environmental campaigners Helen Steel, aged 34, and Dave Morris, 44, were guilty of distributing a pamphlet containing allegations against McDonald’s and their fast food and its preparation. The trial lasted three years and brought to light much evidence about the way McDonald’s hamburger chain workers prepared, handled and served food, and the treatment of these workers by the American-owned company. The High Court in London awarded McDonald’s damages of 60,000 pounds (RMB 780,000) against the two penniless campaigners.
But in 1999, three Appeal Court Judges in London decided that the two defendants found guilty of libel against McDonald’s in 1997 would have the damages they have to pay to McDonald’s reduced to 40,000 pounds (RMB 520,000).
While upholding the libel ruling, the judges backed the defendants' claim the food carries health risks and said allegations McDonald’s workers suffer poor pay and conditions are "fair comment". The judges also backed a claim by the defendants that eating the company’s hamburgers can cause heart disease.
The claim that "if one eats enough McDonald’s food, one’s diet may well become high in fat..., with the very real risk of heart disease, is justified," said Lord Justice Pill, who was sitting in the Court of Appeal with Lord Justice May and Justice Keene.
The appeal decision is likely to be a further embarrassment to McDonald’s, whose three-year action against environmental campaigners Helen Steel and Dave Morris generated extensive negative publicity.
Peter Backman, chief executive of Food Service Intelligence, a research group, said: " McDonald’s is very conscious of what people say about them. They have got where they have by listening to consumers. I think their strategy will be to downplay the ruling, refute the comments, and thirdly, to do something about it." McDonald’s said it welcomed the Court of Appeal decision to uphold the 1997 libel ruling.
The company faces another $200,000 legal bill for the 23-day appeal hearing. Steel and Morris were to take the case to the House of Lords and the European Court of Human Rights to appeal against the damages awarded against them. They present much of their cases themselves and any lawyer’s fees are largely paid for by donations. The pair have yet to win court backing for claims that McDonald’s damages the environment, or that there are links between its hamburgers, cancer and food poisoning.
The fast-food chain has not yet recovered a penny of its original libel award from the defendants, who are refusing to hand over any money.
One benefit of the long trial was that
A．McDonald’s become more famous after that.
B．people knew a lot about the food processing in McDonald’s.
C．the way McDonald’s treated its workers has been improved.
D．the government got a sum of money from it.
The Eurostar train service linking the UK and French capitals via the Channel Tunnel is winning customers in increasing numbers. In late May, it carried its one millionth passenger, having run only a limited service between London, Paris and Brussels since November 1994, starting with two trains a day in each direction to Paris and Brussels. By 1997, the company believes that it will be carrying ten million passengers a year, and continue to grow from there.
From July, Eurostar steps its service to nine trains each way between London and Paris, and five between London and Brussels. Each train carries almost 800 passengers, 210 of them in first class.
The airlines estimate that they will initially lose around 15%-20% of their London-Paris traffic to the railways once Eurostar starts a full service later this year (1995), with 15 trains a day each way. A similar service will start to Brussels. The damage will be limited, however, the airlines believe, with passenger numbers returning to previous levels within two to three years.
In the short term, the damage caused by the 1 million people-level traveling between London and Paris and Brussels on Eurostar trains means that some air services are already suffering. Some of the major carders say that their passenger numbers are down by less than 5% and point to their rivals-particularly Air France-as having suffered the problems. On the Brussels route, the railway company had less success, and the airlines report anything from around a 5% drop to no visible decline in traffic.
The airlines' optimism on returning traffic levels is based on historical precedent. British Midland, for example, points to its experience on Heathrow Leeds Bradford service which saw passenger numbers fold by 15% when British Rail electrified and modernized the railway line between London and Yorkshire. Two years later, travel had risen between the two destinations to the point where the airline was carrying record numbers of passengers.
Airlines are confident in the fact that ______.
A．they are more powerful than other European airlines
B．their total loss won't go beyond a drop of 5% passengers
C．their traffic levels will return in 2-3 years
D．traveling by rail can never catch up with traveling by air
阅读理解：阅读下面的短文，根据文章内容从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳选项。
London's River Thames has twenty-seven bridges. But Tower Bridge, the first bridge over the Thames as you travel to London from the sea, is the most famous of them all. What makes Tower Bridge so exciting？ Why do visitors come from all over the world to see it？
The thing that is surprising about Tower Bridge is that it is open in the middle. It does this to let the big ships through to the Pool of London. If you are lucky enough to see the bridge with its two opening arms high in the air, you will never forget it.
On its north side stands the Tower of London itself. Although they look the same age, the Tower is almost a thousand years old, and Tower Bridge is only about one hundred, it was built in the 1890s. By1850, everyone agreed that a bridge across the Thames near the Tower was most necessary. But the designers argued about the new bridge for another thirtyyears. This took so long because they had two big problems.
l. Tower Bridge is {A、B、C}.
A. about one thousand years old
B. the oldest and the most famous bridge in London
C. the first one you can see when you go from the sea to London
2. The Tower of London is {A、B、C}.
A. across from the Thames
B. on the north of Tower Bridge
C. in the middle of Tower Bridge
3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage？ {A、B、C}
A. You can see the bridge with its two opening arms high in the air at anytime.
B. By 1850 everybody thought it most necessary to have a bridge built across the Thames near the Tower.
C. It took the designers thirty years to argue about the bridge before it was built.
4. Why is the bridge open in the middle？ {A、B、C}
A. To make it special.
B. To attract (吸引) more people from the world to see it.
C. To let the big ship through to the Pool of London.
5. How long was the Tower Bridge built？ {A、B、C}
A. A thousand years.
B. A hundred years.
C. Five thousand years.
